考証二・古文献
「藐」と「
」を誰が使い分け、経典の中に織り込んだか、それはわかりません。現存する敦煌出土と言われる写本の中から「
・コン」という字が見られる例は
@AD五〜世紀、摩訶般若波羅蜜属累品第三十(狠)
AAD五世紀中頃、法華経如来神力品断片(
)
BAD四二七年 優婆塞戒巻第七(
)
CAD四八三年 佛説観普堅經(
)
DAD五〇五年 大般涅槃経巻第四十(
)
EAD五二七年 妙法蓮華經普門品第二十五(
)
などです。
但し、これらは字体・木筆・毛筆・紙質一行の字数の変遷等の考証があり、正しい時代の判定は難しいようです。
一方、「藐・ミャク」は時代がもっと降ってからしか?見られないのが不思議です。散見する限り「唐 欧陽詢書 般若波羅蜜多心経 貞観九年十月一日(AD六三五年欧陽詢79歳)」
(中国法書選J二玄社)が「藐・ミャク」の字が当てられた最も古い身近な資料ですが、玄奘三蔵訳の般若心経は、六〇二年生まれの玄奘34歳はインド北部 カニャークブジャ(曲女城)に到着、取経の最中ですので当時存在する筈が無く、従ってこれは欧陽詢の真筆ではありませんし、この経典に関してはAD六四九年以降その近い時期であると言えます。
ここは舌根不焼と伝えられる姚泰の鳩摩羅什訳本(AD四〇二〜四一二年)がどちらの文字を当ててあったのか、正当な写本があれば知りたいものです。
ところで(
)と書いたから必ずしも悪しき経典であると云う訳ではありません。
経典そのものはダイヤかルビーの違いで懸命に語りかけていて、(
・コン)と言えども寧ろ人間の陥り易い魔性を暗によく衝いている「真実に近い経典」であるとも言えます。
ただ、折角の写経を「これは最もヨコシマな悟りの心ーー呪いの経典である」とは仮名混じり文なら、誰だって書けないと思います。
また、「藐・ミャク」と書かれた心経を肌身離さずお守りとし、端座浄書した写経の為書きは泪ぐましいものでありながら、癌であることの初期検診の機を逸して愛する人を失い、恨みを語った知人も居ます。
心経は色即是空、空こそが真実義であると教えています。
写経に没頭しても、沸々と湧く想念は経典の中に放ち、経と論とが自家撞着しないようにしたいものです。

書友のために
2001年12月22日
OSAKA 綾香会書の教室
TOKYO SOUGEN墨點社々中
垂 水 烽 士
I don't know who chose the words between MYAKU and KON, and put theword into the holy scripture. We can find the word KON among thetranscriptions from TONKOU (Tunhwang ) which now exist in the follwingscripturesMiddle of 5th century AD~ HOKKEKYO NYORAI JINRYOKUBONDANPEN (
)5th century AD~ MAKAHANNYAHARAMITSU ZOKURUIBON DAI 丗 (狠 )505 AD DAIHAN NEHANKYOU DAI 四十 (
) But even printing method, writing by stick, brush writing, and the quality
ofpaper were considered, it seemed to be very difficult to decide the period
thesutra were written.I don't know the reason why the word MYAKU came out
in the later years.So far as I know,The word MYAKU is first used in“HANNYAHARAMITASutra
written by OH-YO-JUN in Tung dynasty on October 1st in 635AD when he was
79yearsold. ( Anthology of Chinese Buddhist Scripture published by NIGENSHA
).This sutra is the most available material we can find as an example of
theMyaku is used.As to the HANNYA-SHINGYO sutra translated by Genjyou Sanzo
who wasborn in 602AD, The sutra was translated while he was KANNYAKUBUJA,which
was in northern part of India, and learning the principle of Buddhismwhen
he was 34 years old. So The sutra did not exist in 635AD and it was notthe
work of Oh-YO-JUN. So we can say the sutra was written around 649ADor 649AD
onward.I am eager to know which word were used in the KUMARAJUtranslation
( 402AD ^ 412 ) which had a legendary reputation, if authenticversion still
exist.
KUMARAJU was welcomed as the Reverend of the nation in You-Shin and was
a legendary man of perseverance and had a legend that even if he died,
his tongue remained(a man of persistence)
By the way the sutra in which the word KON is used does not always mean
awrong sutra. The sutra itself fulfils its function, teach people principle
ofBuddhism. There is only a slight difference like the difference betweendiamond
and ruby.KON might be“he sutra which comes close to truth”and which strikes
evilspirit which people are apt to indulge in.It is a painful effort to
transcript the sutra in which the word MYAKU isused with concentration
and with sitting up straight and always keep it as acharm.I think nobody
would make a handwritten copy of the sutra if this is evilenlightenment
- the cursed sutra is written in Japanese syllabary, becausethe meaning
is clear for Japanese if it is written in kana or Japanese syllabicwriting
instead of Chinese character.I have a acquaintance whose sweetheart died
of cancer missing the chance ofearly physical examination and told of his
hard feeling.The sutra teaches people that all is vanity, and there is
validity in vanity. Itis all right to be absorbed in transcribing the Sutra
and various thoughtsarise in the process . There should not be contradiction
in the sutra.
考証@へ
考証Aへ
考証Bへ
考証Cへ
考証Dへ
考証Eへ
考証Fへ